Matechs Effect
  • How to use Effect!
  • Core
    • The Effect System
    • Play with Effect
    • Play with Environment
    • Play with Exit
    • Play with Ref
    • Play with Queue
    • Play with Managed
    • Play with Semaphore
    • Play with Streams
  • HTTP
    • The HTTP Client Module
    • The Express Module
    • The RPC Module
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  • Feature set
  • Module
  • Usage
  • Notes

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  1. HTTP

The HTTP Client Module

This module exports a generic http client environmental effect with syntactic sugar to deal with http requests

Feature set

Multiple implementations are available with different tradeoffs:

Package

Features

@matechs/http-client-fetch

Content: JSON, URLEncoded, Multipart Protocols: HTTP 1 & 2 (not in Node.js)

Target: Browser & Node.js (with any fetch polyfill)

Cancellable: yes (but socket will complete due to fetch)

@matechs/http-client-libcurl

Content: JSON, URLEncoded (no support for multipart yet) Protocols: HTTP 1 & 2

Target: Node.js

Cancellable: yes

yarn add @matechs/http-client

Module

import { effect as T } from "@matechs/effect";
import { Predicate } from "fp-ts/lib/function";
import { Option } from "fp-ts/lib/Option";

// various environment entries
export const middlewareStackEnv: unique symbol = Symbol();
export const httpEnv: unique symbol = Symbol();
export const httpHeadersEnv: unique symbol = Symbol();
export const httpDeserializerEnv: unique symbol = Symbol();

// http methods
export enum Method {
  GET,
  POST,
  PUT,
  DELETE,
  PATCH
}

// request content type use for posting data
export type RequestType = "JSON" | "DATA" | "FORM";

// represents an input compatible with type DATA
export interface DataInput {
}

// represents headers
export type Headers = Record<string, string>;

// represents an http response
export interface Response<Body> {
  body: Option<Body>;
  headers: Headers;
  status: number;
}

// represent the error when we have a response
export interface HttpResponseError<ErrorBody> {
  _tag: HttpErrorReason.Response;
  response: Response<ErrorBody>;
}

// represent cases where the request failed, 
// for example malformed or network down
export interface HttpRequestError {
  _tag: HttpErrorReason.Request;
  error: Error;
}

// index error cases
export enum HttpErrorReason {
  Request,
  Response
}

// describe http error
export type HttpError<ErrorBody> =
  | HttpRequestError
  | HttpResponseError<ErrorBody>;

// describe an effect used to deserialize http responses
export interface HttpDeserializer {
    response: <A>(a: string) => A | undefined;
    errorResponse: <E>(error: string) => E | undefined;
  };
}

// fold on an http error
export function foldHttpError<A, B, ErrorBody>(
  onError: (e: Error) => A,
  onResponseError: (e: Response<ErrorBody>) => B
): (err: HttpError<ErrorBody>) => A | B

// describe an environment used to provide headers
export interface HttpHeaders {
  [httpHeadersEnv]: Record<string, string>;
}

// main http effect
export interface Http {
    request: <E, O>(
      method: Method,
      url: string,
      headers: Record<string, string>,
      requestType: RequestType,
      body?: unknown
    ) => T.Effect<HttpDeserializer, HttpError<E>, Response<O>>;
  };
}

// request function type exposed to allow middleware creation
export type RequestF = <R, E, O>(
  method: Method,
  url: string,
  requestType: RequestType,
  body?: unknown
) => T.Effect<RequestEnv & R, HttpError<E>, Response<O>>;

// describe a middleware that will be executed on every request
export type RequestMiddleware = (request: RequestF) => RequestF;

// describe an environment entry to hold the middlewares configured
export interface MiddlewareStack {
  [middlewareStackEnv]?: {
    stack: RequestMiddleware[];
  };
}

// construct an environment with provided middlewares
export const middlewareStack: (
  stack?: RequestMiddleware[]
) => MiddlewareStack

// represent environment to be used by consumer
export type RequestEnv = Http & HttpDeserializer & MiddlewareStack;

// JSON GET
export function get<E, O>(
  url: string
): T.Effect<RequestEnv, HttpError<E>, Response<O>>

// JSON POST
export function post<I, E, O>(
  url: string,
  body?: I
): T.Effect<RequestEnv, HttpError<E>, Response<O>>

// DATA GET
export function postData<I extends DataInput, E, O>(
  url: string,
  body?: I
): T.Effect<RequestEnv, HttpError<E>, Response<O>> 

// FORM POST
export function postForm<E, O>(
  url: string,
  body: FormData
): T.Effect<RequestEnv, HttpError<E>, Response<O>>

// JSON PATCH
export function patch<I, E, O>(
  url: string,
  body?: I
): T.Effect<RequestEnv, HttpError<E>, Response<O>>

// DATA PATCH
export function patchData<I extends DataInput, E, O>(
  url: string,
  body?: I
): T.Effect<RequestEnv, HttpError<E>, Response<O>> 

// FORM PATCH
export function patchForm<E, O>(
  url: string,
  body: FormData
): T.Effect<RequestEnv, HttpError<E>, Response<O>>

// JSON PUT
export function put<I, E, O>(
  url: string,
  body?: I
): T.Effect<RequestEnv, HttpError<E>, Response<O>>

// DATA PUT
export function putData<I extends DataInput, E, O>(
  url: string,
  body?: I
): T.Effect<RequestEnv, HttpError<E>, Response<O>> 

// FORM PUT
export function putForm<E, O>(
  url: string,
  body: FormData
): T.Effect<RequestEnv, HttpError<E>, Response<O>>

// JSON DELETE
export function del<I, E, O>(
  url: string,
  body?: I
): T.Effect<RequestEnv, HttpError<E>, Response<O>>

export function delData<I extends DataInput, E, O>(
  url: string,
  body?: I
): T.Effect<RequestEnv, HttpError<E>, Response<O>>

// FORM DELETE
export function delForm<E, O>(
  url: string,
  body: FormData
): T.Effect<RequestEnv, HttpError<E>, Response<O>> 

// Provide headers in child environment
// replace = true will discard any header already in environment
// replace = false (default) will merge the two
export function withHeaders(
  headers: Record<string, string>,
  replace = false
): <R, E, A>(eff: T.Effect<R, E, A>) => T.Effect<R, E, A>

// Provide headers through a middleware
// Request path used to restrict to specific domains/urls
// Replace as per withHeaders
export function withPathHeaders(
  headers: Record<string, string>,
  path: Predicate<string>,
  replace = false
): RequestMiddleware 

// Default json deserializer implementation
export const jsonDeserializer: HttpDeserializer 

// Fold over the request type (useful in middleware dev)
export function foldRequestType<A, B, C>(
  requestType: RequestType,
  onJson: () => A,
  onData: () => B,
  onForm: () => C
): A | B | C 

// Get method as string (useful in middleware dev)
export function getMethodAsString(method: Method): string

Usage

Let's add an implementation, we are gonna use libcurl for this purpose:

yarn add @matechs/http-client-libcurl

We are going to start with a simple get request:

import { effect as T, exit as E } from "@matechs/effect";
import * as HTTP from "@matechs/http-client";
import * as L from "@matechs/http-client-libcurl";
import { pipe } from "fp-ts/lib/pipeable";

// live environment with libcurl and json deserializer
const envLive = pipe(
  T.noEnv,
  T.mergeEnv(L.libcurl()),
  T.mergeEnv(HTTP.jsonDeserializer)
);

// simple http get
const program: T.Effect<
  HTTP.RequestEnv,
  HTTP.HttpError<unknown>,
  HTTP.Response<unknown>
> = HTTP.get("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1");

// run the program
T.run(
  T.provideAll(envLive)(program),
  E.fold(
    res => {
      console.log(res);
    },
    err => {
      console.log(err);
    },
    e => console.error(e),
    () => console.error("interrupted")
  )
);

Will output something like:

{
  status: 200,
  body: {
    _tag: 'Some',
    value: { userId: 1, id: 1, title: 'delectus aut autem', completed: false }
  },
  headers: {
    result: { version: 'HTTP/2', code: 200, reason: '' },
    date: 'Sat, 14 Dec 2019 14:06:53 GMT',
    'content-type': 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
    'content-length': '83',
    'Set-Cookie': [
      '__cfduid=dd36c55568f2aa040768612d145c13f1b1576332413; expires=Mon, 13-Jan-20 14:06:53 GMT; path=/; domain=.typicode.com; HttpOnly'
    ],
    'x-powered-by': 'Express',
    vary: 'Origin, Accept-Encoding',
    'access-control-allow-credentials': 'true',
    'cache-control': 'max-age=14400',
    pragma: 'no-cache',
    expires: '-1',
    'x-content-type-options': 'nosniff',
    etag: 'W/"53-hfEnumeNh6YirfjyjaujcOPPT+s"',
    via: '1.1 vegur',
    'cf-cache-status': 'HIT',
    age: '2833',
    'accept-ranges': 'bytes',
    'expect-ct': 'max-age=604800, report-uri="https://report-uri.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/beacon/expect-ct"',
    server: 'cloudflare',
    'cf-ray': '5450bdaff97fe638-LHR'
  }
}

Note the request was performed using HTTP/2 and you have control over the full response, let's now do something more interesting:

import { effect as T, exit as E } from "@matechs/effect";
import * as HTTP from "@matechs/http-client";
import * as L from "@matechs/http-client-libcurl";
import { pipe } from "fp-ts/lib/pipeable";
import * as A from "fp-ts/lib/Array";

// live environment with libcurl and json deserializer
const envLive = pipe(
  T.noEnv,
  T.mergeEnv(L.libcurl()),
  T.mergeEnv(HTTP.jsonDeserializer)
);

// fetch 10 todos in parallel and map the response
const program: T.Effect<
  HTTP.RequestEnv,
  HTTP.HttpError<unknown> | Error,
  unknown[]
> = pipe(
  // fetch a list of 10 todos in parallel
  A.array.sequence(T.parEffect)(
    pipe(
      A.range(1, 10),
      A.map(n => HTTP.get(`https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/${n}`))
    )
  ),
  // extract body from each request, fail if empty
  T.chain(arr =>
    A.array.traverse(T.effect)(arr, r =>
      T.fromOption(() => new Error("empty response"))(r.body)
    )
  )
);

T.run(
  T.provideAll(envLive)(program),
  E.fold(
    res => {
      console.log(res);
    },
    err => {
      console.log(err);
    },
    e => console.error(e),
    () => console.error("interrupted")
  )
);

This will print:

[
  { userId: 1, id: 1, title: 'delectus aut autem', completed: false },
  {
    userId: 1,
    id: 2,
    title: 'quis ut nam facilis et officia qui',
    completed: false
  },
  { userId: 1, id: 3, title: 'fugiat veniam minus', completed: false },
  { userId: 1, id: 4, title: 'et porro tempora', completed: true },
  {
    userId: 1,
    id: 5,
    title: 'laboriosam mollitia et enim quasi adipisci quia provident illum',
    completed: false
  },
  {
    userId: 1,
    id: 6,
    title: 'qui ullam ratione quibusdam voluptatem quia omnis',
    completed: false
  },
  {
    userId: 1,
    id: 7,
    title: 'illo expedita consequatur quia in',
    completed: false
  },
  {
    userId: 1,
    id: 8,
    title: 'quo adipisci enim quam ut ab',
    completed: true
  },
  {
    userId: 1,
    id: 9,
    title: 'molestiae perspiciatis ipsa',
    completed: false
  },
  {
    userId: 1,
    id: 10,
    title: 'illo est ratione doloremque quia maiores aut',
    completed: true
  }
]
// live environment with libcurl and json deserializer and header middleware
const envLive = pipe(
  T.noEnv,
  T.mergeEnv(L.libcurl()),
  T.mergeEnv(HTTP.jsonDeserializer),
  T.mergeEnv(
    HTTP.middlewareStack([
      HTTP.withPathHeaders({ token: "demo" }, path =>
        path.startsWith("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com")
      )
    ])
  )
);

The rest of the code doesn't change and you are not sending the header!

Notes

interface Todo {
    userId: number,
    id: number,
    title: string,
    completed: boolean
}

interface TodoError {
    message: string
}

const program: T.Effect<
  HTTP.RequestEnv,
  HTTP.HttpError<TodoError> | Error,
  Todo[]
> = pipe(
  // fetch a list of 10 todos in parallel
  A.array.sequence(T.parEffect)(
    pipe(
      A.range(1, 10),
      A.map(n => HTTP.get<TodoError, Todo>(`https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/${n}`))
    )
  ),
  // extract body from each request, fail if empty
  T.chain(arr =>
    A.array.traverse(T.effect)(arr, r =>
      T.fromOption(() => new Error("empty response"))(r.body)
    )
  )
);
PreviousPlay with StreamsNextThe Express Module

Last updated 5 years ago

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Let's suppose is a domain where we want to send specific headers, for example an auth token. We can easily wire it in the middleware environment with only a small addition:

We strongly recommend using to refine the responses to proper runtime safe types. If you don't need full deserialization you can specify the types on the request function in order to have the response typed.

https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com
io-ts